5 Medications to Avoid During Pregnancy

Some of the potential risks include abnormal development of the baby’s brain, nerves, or heart. Additionally, there is an elevated risk of miscarriage and premature birth when oral retinoids are taken during pregnancy. 

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classifies Isotretinoin as a Pregnancy Category X medication, signifying the highest level of risk, as clinical studies have shown that it can cause harm to fetuses, and there is no conceivable benefit that outweighs this risk.

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NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) have long been relied upon for their ability to provide relief from pain and inflammation in various conditions. However, their use during pregnancy can carry significant risks, especially when taken around the 20th week of gestation.

The FDA’s 2020 warning shed light on the potential dangers of NSAID use during pregnancy. This warning applies to a range of medications, both prescription and over-the-counter, such as Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), Naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), and Diclofenac (Cambia, Cataflam). These medications have been associated with a higher likelihood of severe kidney problems in developing fetuses. If used in the later stages of pregnancy, they may also lead to heart complications.

Kidney problems in the fetus can lead to reduced amniotic fluid levels, a condition known as oligohydramnios. This decrease in amniotic fluid can have serious consequences, affecting the baby’s lung and skeletal development. Heart issues can also arise if NSAIDs are used later in pregnancy, potentially affecting the normal development of the baby’s heart.

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines are a class of medications widely used to treat anxiety and alcohol use disorder. These drugs relieve the central nervous system, enhancing the calming effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Some well-known examples of benzodiazepines include alprazolam (Xanax) and clonazepam (Klonopin).

The use of benzodiazepines during pregnancy presents a complex set of risks that demand careful consideration. These medications are generally classified as either Pregnancy Category D or X, reflecting the potential dangers they pose to the developing fetus.

Here are some of the risks associated with benzodiazepine use during pregnancy:

• Developmental Problems: Benzodiazepines can cause issues in the baby’s brain, esophagus, and heart. We don’t fully understand why, but it’s a concern.
• Miscarriage: There might be a higher chance of losing the baby with benzodiazepine use.
• Lighter Babies: Babies might weigh less when born, which could affect their health.
• Early Birth: Benzodiazepines may increase the chances of having a premature baby.
• Baby Withdrawal: Babies exposed to benzodiazepines in the womb can experience withdrawal symptoms after birth, like shaking, fussiness, and trouble eating.

Some Anti-Seizure Medications

Some people experience seizures, even during pregnancy. Seizures can be harmful, so it’s usually recommended to continue seizure treatment while pregnant. However, not all seizure medications are safe during pregnancy. Some are considered high-risk, like Carbamazepine (Tegretol, Carbatrol), Valproic acid, Topiramate (Topamax, Trokendi Xr), and Phenobarbital.

Taking these high-risk anti-seizure medications during pregnancy can lead to problems for the baby. They are put in Pregnancy Category D, which carries potential risks.

These medications can increase the chances of the baby having congenital disabilities like a cleft palate, spina bifida, or genital issues. Additionally, babies exposed to these medications before birth might have developmental issues after they are born.

Some Blood Pressure Medications

Maintaining healthy blood pressure is crucial during pregnancy to ensure both the mother’s and the baby’s well-being. However, some blood pressure medications, like angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (e.g., lisinopril) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (e.g., losartan), can be risky.

During the second and third trimesters, these blood pressure medications are labeled as Pregnancy Category D. This categorization indicates potential risks to the baby’s development.

These medications can harm the baby’s kidneys while in the womb. They may also affect the level of amniotic fluid surrounding the baby. Low amniotic fluid can lead to issues with the baby’s lung and skeletal development.

Final Takeaway

Having a healthy pregnancy means making informed decisions and seeking help from your doctor when needed. By staying informed, avoiding risky medications, and working closely with your healthcare provider, you can have a safer and healthier pregnancy journey.