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Miscarriages are disheartening and traumatic events in the lives of partners. Anyone who has been through one or knows of anyone else having gone through such experiences know the hurt, pain and disappointment that a miscarriage could cause.
While some women place the blame on themselves for losing the unborn child, it is important to understand that miscarriages are quite out of your control.
The loss of pregnancy during the first trimester or the first 13 weeks is termed as early pregnancy loss or miscarriage.
It is also termed as spontaneous abortion. A study by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists revealed that miscarriages typically occur in about 10-25% of all known pregnancies (those that are confirmed with a test).
But why and how do miscarriages occur? Are the triggers the physical, mental or genetic health of an individual?
Chromosomal abnormality: The human reproductive system has all the configurations of a normal and healthy pregnancy stored deep within – a cell memory level. When it encounters a genetic or chromosomal abnormality such as Down Syndrome, Turner Syndrome, cystic fibrosis among others, the reproductive system rejects the pregnancy and prevents it from taking hold, in most cases, leading to a miscarriage. While the partners may be genetically perfect, their chromosomes may not align correctly to result in a healthy pregnancy. Women who go through recurrent loss of pregnancy (that is loss of two or more consequent pregnancies) are recommended genetic counselling or a maternal-fetal medicine specialist consultation.
Uterus abnormalities: Two common abnormalities of the uterus could lead to miscarriages. These are – septum and fibroids. A genetic uterine abnormality – the septum, an extra piece of tissue within the uterus that abnormally divides or shapes it, doesn’t receive the same amount of blood supply as the other healthy part of the uterus. The zygote either doesn’t implant or does not sustain after implantation due to lack of nutrition, resulting in a miscarriage.
Fibroids develop as benign cavities in the uterine cavity and are a cause of concern for couple trying to get pregnant. Fibroids commonly cause miscarriages and also hinder the process if IVF. While they are detected through several methods, they can also be corrected with surgery.
Sperm DNA fragmentation:
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