Labor And What It Involves
6 min readWritten by Pradeep
The successful culmination of a pregnancy is in labor and the birth of a baby. It is the final act of bringing a new life into this world. The labor process is divided into three stages. In the first stage, the cervix dilates, in the second stage, the baby is born, and in the third stage, the placenta is delivered. This article sheds some light on labor and what it involves.
The contractions associated with Braxton-Hicks are sometimes misinterpreted as labor. ‘False contractions’ usually occur halfway through the pregnancy and continue throughout the pregnancy. It is very important to recognize the start of labor as soon as possible. Period-like cramps, backache, diarrhea, and contractions may be signs and symptoms of going into labor.
In This Article
- Stages of Labor
- First Stage of Vaginal Delivery
- Second Stage of Vaginal Delivery
- Third Stage of Vaginal Delivery
Stages of Labor
It is not uncommon for labor to move more slowly than expected. Having not enough contractions, contractions that are not strong enough, or even a baby in an awkward position can cause this situation.
There are three stages of labor and these are
- The first stage
- The second stage
- The third stage
First Stage of Vaginal Delivery
It is important to carefully monitor your wellbeing and the progress of your labor during the first stage of labor. In this way, labor will be monitored properly and potential issues will be identified and communicated accordingly.
The first stage is further divided into 3:
1. The Early Labor Stage
In the early labor stage, women start to have contractions and the cervix begins to thin out and dilate to 3 cms. These contractions will be mild and feel more like menstrual cramps. They usually will be at intervals of five minutes and last approximately forty seconds each. Most of the time, women are not even aware that they have gone into labor. They carry on with their routines and generally stay at home till the contractions become more noticeable. Though if you are not 37 weeks into the pregnancy, it is better to call the doctor and check if you are in pre-term labor.
In a few cases, there could be a mucus vaginal discharge, which may contain blood. This could be the first sign of labor.> The one sure evidence of the beginning of labor is the water breaking. This stage of labor could last as long as a few hours, even six to twelve for some. It usually depends on how fast the cervix dilates and also how strong the contractions are. The faster the dilation, the quicker the delivery.
It is best to stay hydrated and relaxed at this time. You can distract yourself by reading a book or watching a show. Also advisable is emptying the bladder at regular intervals. This helps the uterus contract efficiently and gives enough room for the baby to start moving down.
[Read : Early Labor]
2. The Active Stage
During the active phase of the first stage, the contractions become stronger and more frequent. Usually, they come every five minutes and last for about a minute. The cervix dilates to about 8 cms. It becomes difficult to converse or do any normal activity. Women usually tend to focus on relaxing and also on their breathing at this stage. Some women feel mildly nauseated, which is perfectly normal.
In most cases, the contractions become more frequent and it is advisable to go to a hospital at this stage. The active phase could last 4 to 8 hours. It could quicken if you have experienced a vaginal delivery earlier. It also could get delayed if you have taken an epidural injection or if the baby is bigger than normal.
Women tend to use pain management and relaxation techniques to help them cope with the labor. If comfortable, you can walk around the hospital room, though during the contractions, you will feel like standing or leaning against something. If you are unable to walk, it is good to lie down and rest. A warm water bath helps relax too. The last part of the active labor is called Transition, where the cervix dilates from 8 to 10 cms.
[Read : Active Labor]
3. The Transitional Stage
The final or transitional stage is the active part where women start pushing. The cervix is dilated almost fully and at this stage, women most definitely need to be at the hospital or absolutely ready at home if it’s home delivery. The contractions may not be as frequent but will be a lot more painful. Women tend to shake and shiver with every contraction.
The pressure builds in the rectum with every push. Some women feel a need to move their bowels. Some vomit. The intensity of pain differs in each woman and in many cases, they administer painkillers to get them through it. The transition could last between a few minutes to a few hours depending on whether there has been a previous vaginal delivery.
A change of position, a light massage, a few words of encouragement, a gentle touch, some soothing music, or a conversation are ways to keep you distracted and also help you cope with this painful phase. Each to her own, though!
Second Stage of Vaginal Delivery
The second stage is where the cervix is dilated fully. At this stage, the nurse is urging you to push so that the baby comes out. There is no fixed time for this stage as it could last a while. As the uterus contracts, it exerts pressure on the baby and so with every push, the baby moves down the birth canal. At the end of this stage, you can see the head of the baby.
Once the uterus relaxes after a contraction, the baby’s head will recede and it will be like two steps forward and one backward. But with each push, more and more of the baby’s head becomes visible. It is the head that emerges first. The shoulders come next. The nurse will then advise you to give a final push so that the baby is born. This stage of labor could take anywhere between a few minutes to a few hours. It varies from woman to woman.
[Read : Pushing (Bearing Down) The Baby]
Third Stage of Vaginal Delivery
Once the baby is out, it will be dried and wrapped to keep it warm. There will be a feeling of relief now that it’s all over. The umbilical cord will be severed and now mothers can hold the newborn. The third stage is the delivery of the placenta.
Now that the baby is out, the contractions will resume. This is to deliver the placenta and the membranes. The nurse or doctor will ensure there are no remnants. They will also examine your stomach to check if the uterus is contracting and becoming firm. These contractions will be relatively mild and will ensure that there is no further bleeding. In a few cases, there could be a tear in the perineum, which will be sutured by the doctor.
Pain in contractions has been described as feeling similar to very strong menstrual cramps. The period after delivery is extremely emotional. Women feel varied emotions, right from happiness to relief to nervousness to a fierce protective feeling. The bond between the mother and her baby gets strengthened. This is the time partners also bond because they have gone through this miracle called childbirth.
Read Also: How Long Will My Labor Last?
Pradeep,
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